Regulations

Regulations for medical devices - legally binding requirements for market access

Note: FDA regulations are legally binding requirements, not voluntary standards. These regulations are freely available from the FDA and must be complied with for US market access.

FDA Guidance Documents

FDA guidance documents provide recommendations and best practices for compliance with regulations. While not legally binding, they represent FDA's current thinking and are valuable for implementation.

FDA Guidance

Software as Medical Device (SaMD)

Complete implementation guide for software that meets the definition of a medical device, including classification, validation, and regulatory pathways.

View FDA Guidance
FDA Guidance

Cybersecurity

Premarket and postmarket guidance for managing cybersecurity risks in medical devices, including threat modeling and security controls.

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FDA Guidance

Home-Use Devices

Human factors considerations and usability engineering requirements for medical devices intended for use in the home environment.

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FDA Guidance

Laser Notice 56

FDA guidance on conformance with IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3 and IEC 60601-2-22 Ed. 3.1 for laser products. Provides recommendations for manufacturers on demonstrating compliance with international laser safety standards.

View Laser Notice 56
FDA Regulation

Quality System Regulation (21 CFR 820)

Quality system requirements for medical devices (QMSR), aligned with ISO 13485:2016. Includes design controls, process validation, and quality system requirements.

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EU MDR/IVDR Regulations

European Union Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (IVDR) requirements. These regulations are freely available and legally binding for EU market access.

EU MDR

MDR Annex I - General Safety

Complete checklist of general safety and performance requirements for medical devices under EU MDR, including essential requirements. This is the core regulation document.

View EU MDR Regulation
MDCG Guidance

Software Classification

MDCG 2019-11 guidance on qualification and classification of software as a medical device. Provides decision tree and examples for classifying software under EU MDR.

View MDCG 2019-11
MDCG Guidance

Clinical Evaluation

MDCG 2020-13 guidance on clinical evaluation documentation. Comprehensive guide for writing Clinical Evaluation Reports (CER) under EU MDR, including clinical data requirements.

View MDCG 2020-13

Device-Specific Guidance

FDA guidance documents for specific device types, including special controls, classification, and regulatory pathways. These documents provide detailed requirements and recommendations for manufacturers of specific device categories.

FDA Special Controls

Dental Equipment

FDA guidance for dental devices including classification, special controls, and testing requirements. Covers electrical safety, biocompatibility, sterilization, and performance standards for various dental equipment types.

Key Requirements:

  • IEC 60601-1 (Electrical safety and essential performance)
  • ISO 10993 (Biological evaluation of medical devices)
  • ISO 17664 (Information to be provided by the manufacturer for the processing of resterilizable medical devices)
  • ISO 14971 (Risk management for medical devices)
  • FDA 510(k) requirements for Class II devices
FDA Guidance

Home Monitoring Devices

Comprehensive guidance for connected home monitoring medical devices, including cybersecurity requirements, usability engineering, remote monitoring capabilities, and data privacy considerations. Addresses unique challenges of home-use environments.

Key Requirements:

  • IEC 81001-5-1 (Cybersecurity for health software and health IT systems)
  • IEC 62366 (Usability engineering for medical devices)
  • FDA Cybersecurity Premarket Guidance
  • HIPAA compliance for protected health information
  • Design considerations for home-use devices
FDA Special Controls

Surgical Laser Systems

FDA guidance for surgical and therapeutic laser systems, including classification, special controls, performance standards, and safety requirements. Covers various laser types used in surgical procedures including ophthalmic, dermatological, and general surgery applications.

Key Requirements:

  • IEC 60601-2-22 (Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of surgical, cosmetic, therapeutic and diagnostic laser equipment)
  • IEC 60825-1 (Safety of laser products)
  • Laser Notice 56 (Conformance with IEC standards)
  • FDA Special Controls for specific laser types
  • 510(k) requirements and performance testing
FDA Guidance

Wearable Medical Devices

Regulatory considerations for wearable medical devices including continuous monitoring devices, fitness trackers with medical claims, and implantable wearables. Covers form factor constraints, battery safety, environmental durability, and user experience requirements.

Key Requirements:

  • IEC 60601-1 (Electrical safety for portable devices)
  • IEC 62366 (Usability engineering for wearable interfaces)
  • Environmental testing (temperature, humidity, shock, vibration)
  • Battery safety and performance standards
  • Software validation (IEC 62304) for connected wearables
  • Cybersecurity for data transmission
FDA Guidance

AI/ML in Medical Devices

Comprehensive regulatory framework for artificial intelligence and machine learning-enabled medical devices. Includes FDA's AI/ML Action Plan, validation requirements, continuous learning considerations, and premarket/postmarket guidance for adaptive algorithms.

Key Requirements:

  • FDA AI/ML Action Plan and Good Machine Learning Practice (GMLP)
  • IEC 62304 (Software lifecycle processes for medical device software)
  • Clinical validation and performance evaluation
  • Change control for continuous learning algorithms
  • Transparency and explainability requirements
  • Cybersecurity for AI/ML systems

FDA Regulations - Legal Requirements

FDA regulations are legally binding requirements that must be complied with for US market access. Unlike standards, regulations are mandatory and enforceable by law. This section provides implementation guidance to help understand and comply with these regulations.

6 Regulations
Published
US Market
Required
Public Domain
Free Access
Implementation
Guides